Offshore wind projects are rapidly transforming the renewable energy sector, offering a sustainable solution to growing energy demands. If you’re new to this industry, starting your first offshore wind project can feel like diving in at the deep end. The ocean isn’t just a workplace — it’s a challenge, a partner, and the ultimate test of determination.
Every industry expert was once a beginner and that’s why we’re committed to sharing our knowledge and guidance to help you confidently navigate your first project and set yourself up for success.
How Offshore Wind Farms Work
Offshore wind farms work by capturing the kinetic energy of ocean winds to generate electricity. The wind turns the blades of a turbine, which spins a rotor connected to a generator. This process produces electricity, which is transmitted via subsea cables to onshore substations connected to the grid. Offshore sites are chosen for their strong, consistent winds and distance from populated areas, allowing developers to minimise any visual and noise impacts.
The Types of Foundations
Every project begins with a foundation and two main types currently dominate the industry:
Fixed-bottom foundations
These are anchored directly to the seabed and are suitable for shallow waters (up to 60 metres deep).
Floating foundations
These are buoyant platforms tethered to the seabed with mooring systems. Floating turbines are ideal for deeper waters (60 metres or more), opening up the availability of larger offshore areas with higher wind potential.
Floating turbines represent the cutting edge of offshore wind technology. They’re more expensive upfront but allow access to underutilised wind energy resources. Take Scotland’s Hywind project, the world’s first commercial floating wind farm. Operating in waters up to 120 metres deep, this wind farm set an average capacity factor of 54% in the first two years of operation!
Phases of Construction
Constructing an offshore wind farm is a multi-year effort involving three primary phases, each of which demands specialised skills, detailed planning, and precise execution. During these phases timing is everything and every delay can add to the final cost. As such, flexibility is essential to staying on track.
Phase 1: Development
This is the planning phase. It’s where you choose your site, assess wind and environmental conditions, and navigate the permitting process. This phase includes:
Site selection
You’ll analyse wind speeds, seabed conditions, and proximity to existing infrastructure to ensure you choose the right location.
Environmental studies
You’ll work closely with environmental experts to assess the potential impact on marine ecosystems, fish populations, and other wildlife. Any required mitigation measures, such as noise reduction during pile driving, will also begin development at this stage.
Stakeholder engagement
You’ll open communication channels with local communities to address concerns and build long-term partnerships.
Phase 2: Pre-construction
Once plans are approved, your focus can shift to logistics and preparation. This phase involves:
Detailed design
Engineering teams will complete detailed designs for turbines, foundations, and cables. Logistical plans are also finalised during this stage.
Procurement
Contracts are signed with manufacturers to produce the required turbine components, foundations, and electrical systems. Offshore wind supply chains are global, so at this stage, you’ll likely be working with partners from around the world.
Site preparation
Dredging and other seabed preparations take place to ensure that the site is ready for foundation installation.
Phase 3: Construction and Installation
This is where the vision becomes a reality. Installation involves special vessels and careful planning to manage difficult weather and ensure the project comes together. Key steps include:
Installing foundations
Fixed-bottom foundations are driven into the seabed using pile-driving equipment. Or, for floating turbines, moorings and anchors secure the platform in place.
Turbine assembly
Blades, nacelles, and towers are shipped to the site and assembled. Some component pre-assembly can be completed onshore to simplify offshore activities.
Cable installation
Subsea cables are laid that will link the turbines to an offshore substation. This is then connected to the main grid.
Challenges and Misconceptions
Wild Card Weather
Working offshore means dealing with unpredictable weather. High winds, rough seas, and storms can delay installation or damage equipment. Having a project timeline with built-in contingencies and the ability to remain adaptable can make or break your project.
Environmental Impact
Contrary to popular belief, offshore wind farms can coexist with, and even benefit, marine ecosystems. Measures like acoustic monitoring and strategic siting have shown promise in mitigating impacts and some turbine foundation placements have even resulted in the creation of artificial reefs.
Floating Turbines
The transition from fixed to floating turbines signals a significant shift in the industry, allowing developers to work into deeper waters with stronger, more consistent winds. Their installation and maintenance are currently more technically and financially demanding than fixed-bottom alternatives, however, costs related to floating turbines should drop as the technology matures, making these a viable option for many regions.
Tips to Make Your First Project a Success
Get to Know the Equipment
The vessels and equipment are your allies. from jack-up barges to cable-laying ships, learn their capabilities and limits. Familiarise yourself with these machines and the logistics of transporting heavy components to remote sites. Knowledge here is power!
Safety Is Non-Negotiable
Offshore environments are inherently hazardous so comprehensive safety training is a must! Make sure your team has the right training and safety gear. From offshore survival skills to emergency response plans, safety should always come first.
Stay Flexible
The scale and complexity of offshore wind projects mean that unexpected challenges are inevitable. Whether it’s a weather delay or a last-minute design change, maintaining a proactive approach to problem-solving and good communication with your team can make all the difference.
Build a Strong Team
Offshore wind projects involve a wide range of stakeholders, from engineers to environmental scientists. Building collaborative relationships with your team and contractors will ensure smoother operations and better outcomes. Together, you’re building more than a wind farm — you’re crafting the future.
Offshore wind construction is an exciting and rapidly evolving industry. Whilst it’s guaranteed that your first project will challenge you, with the right preparation and mindset, its completion will leave you with an overwhelming sense of accomplishment. At OCA, this sense of purpose and achievement drives everything we do and is exactly why we are committed to transforming each project into more than just work.
